Domains of intellectual humility: Self-esteem and narcissism as independent predictors

In a study published in Personality and Individual Differences, Waclaw Bak and Jan Kutnik explored how self-esteem and narcissism independently predict intellectual humility (IH) across different domains. Using two multidimensional IH scales along with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the researchers surveyed 165 Polish adults. Their findings confirmed that self-esteem is a positive predictor of intellectual humility, while narcissism serves as a negative predictor—particularly in domains with high ego involvement, such as open-mindedness and modesty. This suggests that self-worth grounded in intrinsic value fosters intellectual openness, while inflated self-importance undermines it.

Unlike previous studies that focused on general correlations, this research used regression models to show the distinct and additive effects of self-esteem and narcissism on IH. The study emphasizes that although both traits may seem similar on the surface, they stem from different developmental experiences and have diverging social outcomes—self-esteem promotes connection and openness, whereas narcissism drives dominance and defensiveness. These results underscore the need to distinguish between healthy self-regard and narcissistic tendencies when fostering intellectual humility in individuals and groups.